Manyan Kirkire-kirkire Hudu na China
Yin takarda yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙirƙira guda huɗu na ƙasar Sin. Takarda ita ce lu'ulu'u na gogewa da hikimar tsoffin ma'aikatan Sinawa. Wannan wani abin mamaki ne a tarihin wayewar ɗan adam.
A shekarar farko ta Yuanxing a Daular Gabas ta Han (105), Cai Lun ya inganta yin takarda. Ya yi amfani da bawon itace, kan wiwi, tsohon zane, ragar kifi da sauran kayan aiki, sannan ya yi takarda ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin kamar niƙa, yin bugu, soya da yin burodi. Wannan shine asalin takarda ta zamani. Kayan da ake amfani da su a wannan nau'in takarda suna da sauƙin samu kuma suna da arha sosai. Ingancinta ya kuma inganta kuma a hankali ake amfani da ita sosai. Domin tunawa da nasarorin Cai Lun, tsararraki na baya sun kira wannan nau'in takarda "Takardar Cai Hou".
A zamanin Daular Tang, mutane sun yi amfani da bamboo a matsayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin takardar bamboo, wanda hakan ya nuna babban ci gaba a fasahar yin takarda. Nasarar yin takardar bamboo ya nuna cewa fasahar yin takarda ta kasar Sin ta dade tana da girma.
A Daular Tang, fasahohin sarrafa takardu kamar ƙara alum, ƙara manne, shafa foda, yayyafa zinariya, da rini sun fito ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin tsarin yin takardu, suna kafa harsashin fasaha don samar da takardu daban-daban na sana'a. Ingancin takardar da aka samar yana ƙaruwa da ƙaruwa, kuma akwai nau'ikan iri da yawa. Tun daga Daular Tang zuwa Daular Qing, ban da takarda ta yau da kullun, China ta samar da takarda mai launi daban-daban, zinare mai sanyi, zinare mai laushi, ribbed, zinare da azurfa laka tare da zane, takarda mai launi da sauran takardu masu daraja, da kuma takardun shinkafa daban-daban, bangon bango, takardun fure, da sauransu. Yin takarda ya zama dole ga rayuwar al'adun mutane da rayuwar yau da kullun. Ƙirƙirar da haɓaka takarda kuma ta shiga cikin wani mawuyacin hali.
Asalin Bamboo
A cikin littafinsa mai suna "Dutse", Liu Cixin ya bayyana wata duniya a cikin sararin samaniya mai yawa, yana kiranta "duniyar kumfa". Wannan duniyar ta saba wa Duniya ce. Sararin samaniya ne mai siffar ƙwallo mai tsawon kilomita 3,000, kewaye da manyan duwatsu a girma uku. A wata ma'anar, a cikin "duniyar kumfa", ko da wace hanya kuka bi zuwa ƙarshe, za ku haɗu da katangar dutse mai yawa, kuma wannan katangar dutse ta faɗaɗa ba tare da iyaka ba a kowane bangare, kamar kumfa da aka ɓoye a cikin wani babban ƙarfi mara iyaka.
Wannan "duniya mai kumfa" mai tunani tana da mummunan dangantaka da duniyarmu da aka sani da kuma Duniya, kasancewarta akasin haka.
Kuma gora kanta ma tana da ma'anar "duniyar kumfa". Jikin gora mai lanƙwasa yana samar da rami, kuma tare da ƙusoshin gora a kwance, yana samar da sararin ciki mai tsabta. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi, gora kuma "duniyar kumfa". Takardar gora ta zamani takarda ce ta gida da aka yi da bamboo mai budurwa kuma an ƙera ta da kayan aiki na duniya masu sarrafa kansu. Ganin cewa fannin kera kayan yau da kullun yana ƙara mai da hankali kan amfani da bamboo, mutane suna ƙara sha'awar halaye da tarihin takardar gora. Ana cewa waɗanda ke amfani da bamboo dole ne su san asalin bamboo.
Idan aka koma ga asalin takardar bamboo, akwai manyan ra'ayoyi guda biyu a cikin al'ummar ilimi: na farko shine cewa takardar bamboo ta fara ne a Daular Jin; na biyu kuma shine cewa takardar bamboo ta fara ne a Daular Tang. Yin takardar bamboo na buƙatar manyan buƙatun fasaha kuma yana da rikitarwa. Sai a Daular Tang, lokacin da fasahar yin takarda ta ci gaba sosai, za a iya cimma wannan ci gaba, wanda ya shimfida harsashin babban ci gaban takardar bamboo a Daular Song.
Tsarin samar da takardar bamboo
1. Bamboo busasshe ta iska: a zaɓi dogon bamboo mai siriri, a yanke rassan da ganye, a yanka bamboo zuwa sassa, sannan a kai su farfajiyar kayan. A wanke yanka bamboo da ruwa mai tsabta, a cire dattin laka da yashi, sannan a kai su farfajiyar da za a tara su. A busar da iska ta halitta na tsawon watanni 3, a cire ruwan da ya wuce kima don a jira.
2. Tace-tace na shida: wanke kayan da aka busar da iska da ruwa mai tsafta sau da yawa bayan an sauke su don cire ƙazanta gaba ɗaya kamar laka, ƙura, fatar bamboo, sannan a yanka su yanka bamboo waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodin, sannan a shigar da silo don jira bayan an gama tantancewa sau shida.
3. Girki mai zafi sosai: cire abubuwan da ke cikin lignin da waɗanda ba su da zare, aika yanka bamboo daga silo zuwa ga pre-steamer don girki, sannan a shigar da sukurori mai ƙarfi don fitar da ƙarfi da matsin lamba, sannan a shigar da pre-steamer na mataki na biyu don girki, sannan a ƙarshe a shigar da steamer mai tsayin mita 20 don girki mai zafi da matsin lamba. Sannan a sanya shi a cikin hasumiyar ɓawon burodi don adana zafi da girki.
4. Taɓawa ta zahiri zuwa takarda: Tawul ɗin takarda ana cire su ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin zahiri a duk tsawon aikin. Tsarin samarwa ba shi da illa ga jikin ɗan adam, kuma samfurin da aka gama ba shi da wani sinadari mai cutarwa, wanda yake da lafiya kuma mai aminci. Yi amfani da iskar gas maimakon man fetur na gargajiya don guje wa gurɓatar hayaki. Cire tsarin yin bleaching, riƙe launin asalin zaruruwan shuka, rage yawan shan ruwan samarwa, guje wa fitar da ruwan sharar gida, da kuma kare muhalli.
A ƙarshe, ana matse ɓawon launin halitta, a busar da shi, sannan a yanka shi zuwa takamaiman bayanai don marufi, jigilar kaya, siyarwa da amfani.
Halaye na takardar bamboo na ɓangaren litattafan almara
Takardar bamboo tana da wadataccen zare na bamboo, wanda yake maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na halitta, launin halitta kuma ba ya ƙara wa muhalli illa, wanda aka samo daga bamboo ta amfani da wani tsari na musamman. Yana da nau'ikan aikace-aikace iri-iri. Daga cikinsu, bamboo yana ɗauke da sinadarin bamboo Kun, wanda ke da kaddarorin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yawan mace-macen ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kaiwa sama da kashi 75% cikin awanni 24.
Takardar bamboo ba wai kawai tana riƙe iska mai kyau da kuma shan ruwa daga zaren bamboo ba, har ma tana da kyakkyawan ci gaba a ƙarfin jiki.
Yankin dazuzzukan ƙasata yana da ƙarancin yawa, amma albarkatun bamboo suna da wadata sosai. Ana kiransa da "daji mai zurfi na biyu". Nau'in zare na bamboo na Yashi Paper yana zaɓar bamboo na asali kuma yana yanke shi yadda ya kamata. Ba wai kawai ba ya lalata yanayin muhalli ba, har ma yana da amfani ga sake farfaɗowa, kuma yana cimma zagayawar kore da gaske!
Takardar Yashi ta daɗe tana bin manufar kare muhalli da lafiyarsa, tana ƙirƙirar takardar bamboo mai inganci da kuma dacewa da muhalli, tana tallafawa ayyukan kare muhalli na kare muhalli, tana dagewa kan maye gurbin itace da bamboo, da kuma barin tsaunuka masu kore da ruwa mai tsabta don nan gaba!
Ya fi kwantar da hankali a zaɓi takardar bamboo ta Yashi
Nau'in zare na bamboo na Yashi Paper ya gaji hikima da ƙwarewar da mutanen da ke yin takarda suka taƙaice a tarihin ƙasar Sin, wanda ya fi laushi kuma ya fi dacewa da fata.
Amfanin na'urar zare ta bamboo ta Yashi Paper:
An wuce gwajin wakilin farin haske mai haske, babu wani ƙari mai cutarwa
Lafiya kuma ba mai ban haushi ba
Mai laushi da kuma dacewa da fata
Taɓawa mai laushi, yana rage gogayya ta fata
Tauri sosai, ana iya amfani da shi da ruwa ko bushewa
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-28-2024
