● Tsarin yin takarda na bamboo
Tun bayan nasarar da aka samu a fannin masana'antu da amfani da bamboo, sabbin hanyoyi, fasahohi da kayayyaki da yawa don sarrafa bamboo sun bayyana daya bayan daya, wanda hakan ya inganta darajar amfani da bamboo sosai. Ci gaban fasahar sarrafa bamboo ta injina ta kasar Sin ya karkata ta hanyar amfani da hannu na gargajiya kuma yana canzawa zuwa tsarin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu da masana'antu. Shahararrun hanyoyin samar da bamboo na injina ne na injiniya, sinadarai da sinadarai. Jatan bamboo na kasar Sin galibi sinadarai ne, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 70%; injinan sinadarai kasa da kashi 30%; amfani da hanyoyin injiniya don samar da jatan bamboo ya takaita ne kawai ga matakin gwaji, kuma babu wani babban rahoton masana'antu.
1. Hanyar pulping na injiniya
Hanyar niƙa bamboo ta injiniya ita ce a niƙa bamboo zuwa zare ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin injiniya ba tare da ƙara sinadarai ba. Yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin gurɓatawa, yawan fitar da bamboo da kuma sauƙin aiwatarwa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake fama da ƙarancin gurɓatawa da ƙarancin albarkatun bamboo na itace a ƙasar, mutane sun fara daraja bamboo na injiniya a hankali.
Duk da cewa aikin pulping na injiniya yana da fa'idodin yawan pulping da ƙarancin gurɓatawa, ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar pulping da papermaking na kayan coniferous kamar spruce. Duk da haka, saboda yawan sinadarin lignin, toka, da kuma 1% na NAOH da ke cikin sinadaran bamboo, ingancin pulping ɗin ba shi da kyau kuma yana da wuya a cika buƙatun ingancin takarda na kasuwanci. Aikace-aikacen masana'antu ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba kuma galibi yana cikin matakin binciken kimiyya da bincike na fasaha.
2. Hanyar pulping na sinadarai
Hanyar fulawa ta sinadarai tana amfani da bamboo a matsayin kayan da aka samo kuma tana amfani da hanyar sulfate ko hanyar sulfite don yin ɓawon bamboo. Ana tace kayan da aka samo daga bamboo, a wanke su, a bushe su, a dafa su, a tace su, a wanke su da kyau, a rufe su, a share iskar oxygen, a yi musu bleaching da sauran hanyoyin yin ɓawon bamboo. Hanyar fulawa ta sinadarai za ta iya kare zare da kuma inganta saurin bulba. ɓawon da aka samo yana da inganci, mai tsabta kuma mai laushi, mai sauƙin bleaching, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samar da takarda mai inganci da takarda mai bugawa.
Saboda cire adadi mai yawa na lignin, toka da sauran abubuwan da aka cire a cikin tsarin pulping na hanyar pulping na sinadarai, ƙimar pulping na pulping na bamboo yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya kashi 45% zuwa 55%.
3. Sinadaran Injin Tsaftacewa
Pulping na Injiniyoyi na Chemical (Sinadari Mechanical Pulping) wata hanya ce ta pulping wadda ke amfani da bamboo a matsayin kayan aiki kuma tana haɗa wasu halaye na pulping na sinadarai da pulping na inji. Pulping na Injiniyoyi na Chemical ya haɗa da hanyar semi-chemical, hanyar injiniya na sinadarai da kuma hanyar thermomechanical na sinadarai.
Ga aikin fulawa da yin takarda, yawan fulawa na fulawa na injiniyanci ya fi na fulawa na sinadarai, wanda gabaɗaya zai iya kaiwa kashi 72% zuwa 75%; ingancin fulawa da aka samu ta hanyar fulawa na injiniyanci ya fi na fulawa na injiniyanci, wanda zai iya biyan buƙatun gabaɗaya na samar da takarda. A lokaci guda, farashin dawo da alkali da kuma maganin najasa yana tsakanin fulawa na sinadarai da fulawa na injiniyanci.
▲ Layin Samar da Pulping na Bamboo
● Kayan Aikin Yin Takarda na Bamboo
Kayan aikin da ke cikin sashin samar da takardar yin takardar bamboo iri ɗaya ne da na layin samar da takardar bamboo. Babban bambanci tsakanin kayan aikin yin takardar bamboo yana cikin sassan shiryawa kamar yanka, wankewa da girki.
Saboda bamboo yana da tsari mai zurfi, kayan aikin yanka ya bambanta da na itace. Kayan aikin yanka bamboo da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da abin yanka bamboo mai juyawa, abin yanka bamboo mai faifai da abin yanka drum. Masu yanke bamboo mai juyawa da masu yanke bamboo na diski suna da inganci mai kyau, amma ingancin guntun bamboo da aka sarrafa (siffar guntun bamboo) bai yi kyau kamar na masu yanke drum ba. Masu amfani za su iya zaɓar kayan aikin yanka (ƙugiya) da suka dace bisa ga manufar ɓangaren bamboo da farashin samarwa. Ga ƙananan da matsakaitan tsire-tsire na ɓangaren bamboo (fitarwa <100,000 t/a), kayan aikin yanka bamboo na gida sun isa don biyan buƙatun samarwa; ga manyan tsire-tsire na ɓangaren bamboo (fitarwa ≥100,000 t/a), ana iya zaɓar kayan aikin yanka (ƙugiya) na duniya.
Ana amfani da kayan wanke guntun bamboo don cire ƙazanta, kuma an ruwaito cewa an yi amfani da kayayyaki da yawa masu lasisi a China. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da injin wankin bamboo, injin wankin bamboo mai matsin lamba da injin wankin bamboo. Matsakaici da manyan kamfanoni na iya amfani da sabbin injin wankin bamboo mai jujjuyawa biyu ko injin wankin bamboo mai ƙarfi.
Ana amfani da kayan girkin guntun bamboo don tausasa guntun bamboo da kuma raba sinadarai. Ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaitan masana'antu suna amfani da tukwane na girki a tsaye ko kuma na'urorin girki na bututun kwance. Manyan kamfanoni na iya amfani da na'urorin girki na Camille masu wankin yaɗuwa don inganta ingancin samarwa, kuma yawan amfanin ɓangaren litattafan zai ƙaru daidai gwargwado, amma zai ƙara farashin saka hannun jari sau ɗaya.
1. Yin takarda na bamboo yana da babban damar
Bisa ga binciken albarkatun bamboo na ƙasar Sin da kuma nazarin da ya nuna dacewar bamboo da kanta don yin takarda, haɓaka masana'antar bamboo da ƙarfi ba wai kawai zai iya rage matsalar kayan da aka takura na itace a masana'antar takarda ta ƙasar Sin ba, har ma zai iya zama hanya mai tasiri don canza tsarin kayan da aka takura na masana'antar yin takarda da kuma rage dogaro da guntun itace da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje. Wasu masana sun yi nazari kan cewa farashin ɓangaren bamboo na kowane yanki ya yi ƙasa da kashi 30% fiye da na pine, spruce, eucalyptus, da sauransu, kuma ingancin ɓangaren bamboo yana daidai da na ɓangaren bamboo.
2. Haɗakar takarda da gandun daji muhimmin alkibla ce ta ci gaba
Saboda fa'idodin da ake samu daga bamboo cikin sauri da kuma sake farfaɗowa, ƙarfafa noman dazuzzukan bamboo na musamman masu girma cikin sauri da kuma kafa tushen samar da bamboo wanda ya haɗa dazuzzuka da takarda zai zama alkibla ga ci gaban masana'antar yin bamboo da takarda ta China mai ɗorewa, rage dogaro da guntuwar itace da bamboo da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashen waje, da kuma haɓaka masana'antun ƙasa.
3. Tsarin bamboo na rukuni yana da babban yuwuwar ci gaba
A cikin masana'antar sarrafa bamboo ta yanzu, sama da kashi 90% na kayan amfanin gona an yi su ne da bamboo na moso (Phoebe nanmu), wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don samar da kayan gida da kayan gini. Yin takarda na bamboo kuma galibi yana amfani da bamboo na moso (Phoebe nanmu) da bamboo na cycad a matsayin kayan amfanin gona, wanda ke haifar da yanayin gasa tsakanin kayan amfanin gona kuma ba ya da tasiri ga ci gaban masana'antar mai dorewa. Dangane da nau'ikan bamboo da ake da su, masana'antar yin takarda na bamboo ya kamata ta haɓaka nau'ikan nau'ikan bamboo da ƙarfi don amfani da kayan amfanin gona, ta yi amfani da bamboo na cycad mai araha, bamboo na dragon mai girma, bamboo na wutsiya na phoenix, dendrocalamus latiflorus da sauran bamboo masu ɗumi don yin fulawa da yin takarda, da kuma inganta gasa a kasuwa.
▲ Ana iya amfani da bamboo mai haɗin gwiwa azaman muhimmin kayan ɓangaren litattafan almara
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-04-2024
